紅楓樹(shu)干端直枝葉茂(mao)密樹(shu)冠(guan)姿(zi)態優美
紅楓用途紅楓樹干端直,枝葉茂密,樹冠姿態優美,可做紅楓樹種,適宜從植、群植,容易形成莊嚴、肅靜的氣氛。紅楓的樹(shu)皮、枝(zhi)皮含(han)樹(shu)脂。木材色淺,心邊(bian)材區別不明顯,無正常樹(shu)朋道,村質輕柔,結構細致(zhi),無氣味,易加工,不耐腐,為制造紙漿及木纖(xian)維的優良原(yuan)料,可作一般建筑(zhu)枕木(需防腐處理)、器具(ju)、家具(ju)及膠合(he)板用材。
繁育栽培一般用種子繁殖。1.種子處理:種子發芽率僅為10%左右。以NR江紅楓育苗為例,畝(mu)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量為20一(yi)(yi)25千克。3d下旬(xun)(xun)至4月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)句催(cui)芽,催(cui)芽時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用o.5%一(yi)(yi)1%的硫酸(suan)亞鐵溶(rong)液(ye)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),或(huo)用o.5%的高(gao)錳酸(suan)鉀溶(rong)液(ye)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)30分(fen)鐘(zhong)后(hou)裝入麻袋,放入水溫o℃一(yi)(yi)5℃冷(leng)水中(zhong)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),經2星期(qi)后(hou)撈(lao)出(chu),放入室內麻袋上(shang)攤(tan)開,進行堆放催(cui)芽。催(cui)芽溫度(du)在22℃一(yi)(yi)25℃,當催(cui)芽超過24小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou),為防(fang)止(zhi)水分(fen)蒸(zheng)發和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)霉爛,適當用18℃一(yi)(yi)20℃清水沖洗1-2次。當種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)裂口率(lv)達30%以(yi)上(shang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),即(ji)可播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。2.圃地(di)(di)(di)(di)難備:播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian),有(you)條件的地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang),在圃地(di)(di)(di)(di)表面畝(mu)施10一(yi)(yi)15立(li)方(fang)米森(sen)林腐殖(zhi)土或(huo)5立(li)方(fang)米腐熟有(you)機肥,然后(hou)深翻(fan)整(zheng)平(ping)做(zuo)畦。3.播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及管理:播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間應(ying)根據當地(di)(di)(di)(di)苗圃地(di)(di)(di)(di)解凍情況(kuang)而(er)定,在海(hai)拔1800米以(yi)下的圃地(di)(di)(di)(di)為4月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun),海(hai)拔1800一(yi)(yi)2500米固(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)為4月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下旬(xun)(xun),高(gao)海(hai)拔2600一(yi)(yi)3000米圃地(di)(di)(di)(di)為4月(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)至5月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)。播(bo)后(hou)用腐殖(zhi)土覆土,厚度(du)控制到0.5厘米。
以防誘發立枯病。當紅楓苗長出初生針葉以后,應進行間苗,第一次保留密度為900-looo株/mI,第二次保留密度為500一600株/m2。高海拔地區當年苗在入冬前,拆除遮蔭棚,鎮壓苗床,并用竹市覆蓋。翌年開春時,在凍拔嚴重的苗床上行間撒施一定數量的干燥腐殖土,并進行鎮壓,防止苗木繼續陳拔。播種苗培育2午后,應及時移植。
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