美國紅楓堿(jian)性土(tu)壤中中均能(neng)正常生(sheng)長

　　【形態特征】常綠喬木。美國紅楓樹(shu)高(gao)15～30m，胸徑1～1.3m。樹(shu)皮灰褐(he)色(se)(se)，平(ping)滑。小枝無毛，但幼芽(ya)及節(jie)上(shang)被(bei)灰褐(he)色(se)(se)平(ping)伏細柔毛。葉(xie)薄革質(zhi)，倒卵形(xing)或長(chang)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)，長(chang)6.5～16cm，寬(kuan)3.6～6.5cm，先端漸尖，尖頭鈍，基部楔形(xing)，表面深綠色(se)(se)，有光(guang)澤，背(bei)面黃綠色(se)(se)，無托(tuo)葉(xie)痕。花(hua)被(bei)片2輪，6枚(mei)，長(chang)約3～4cm。花(hua)期3～4月(yue)份，果熟8～9月(yue)份。

　　【幼苗繁殖】美國紅楓的(de)(de)(de)繁殖方法以播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較為普(pu)遍。選擇抗(kang)(kang)旱(han)(han)、抗(kang)(kang)寒性強，樹齡25～50年，胸徑20～50cm，干(gan)形通直，健壯無病蟲害，生長(chang)(chang)在(zai)林內稀(xi)疏(shu)地段或(huo)靠近河(he)岸的(de)(de)(de)植株作(zuo)為采種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)母樹，在(zai)9～10月份(fen)采集質(zhi)量好的(de)(de)(de)新鮮種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，果(guo)實(shi)開裂后(hou)取出種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，在(zai)沙(sha)中擦洗，去(qu)掉假種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮。用(yong)清水沖凈(jing)，堆(dui)放在(zai)通風處(chu)晾干(gan)。將晾干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)與濕(shi)沙(sha)以1∶3的(de)(de)(de)比例(li)混合貯藏(zang)或(huo)層積貯藏(zang)催芽。到翌年3月份(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)裂口露白時開溝播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。選擇土壤(rang)疏(shu)松(song)(song)、肥(fei)沃(wo)、透氣良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)酸性沙(sha)質(zhi)壤(rang)土苗圃(pu)地，精細整地、作(zuo)床(chuang)。將沙(sha)藏(zang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)篩出，均勻撒播(bo)在(zai)苗床(chuang)上(shang)，播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)要(yao)覆草(cao)保(bao)濕(shi)。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)40d左右(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)發芽出土，撤除地膜和(he)稻草(cao)，改用(yong)竹拱地膜覆蓋。50d左右(you)開始(shi)長(chang)(chang)真葉，苗木基本出齊要(yao)及時搭(da)棚遮陰(yin)。當(dang)芽苗長(chang)(chang)至兩葉一(yi)心(xin)時，撤除竹拱地膜，“煉苗”1周(zhou)后(hou)芽苗即可移栽。生長(chang)(chang)季節適當(dang)給予追肥(fei)，入秋后(hou)應控(kong)制水肥(fei)。同時做(zuo)好松(song)(song)土、除草(cao)、抗(kang)(kang)旱(han)(han)間苗等工作(zuo)。冬季注意防寒。當(dang)年生苗高可達20～30cm。

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