美國紅楓屬落葉喬木。美國紅楓樹形優美、花大秀(xiu)麗，果形奇特，是觀葉(xie)、觀花、觀果不可多得的樹種，為世界著名的觀賞樹種之一(yi)。

　　1. 形態特征

　　落葉(xie)(xie)喬木，高達 25m，樹皮(pi)深褐(he)色(se)或(huo)灰褐(he)色(se)，小(xiao)(xiao)枝圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，黃褐(he)色(se)或(huo)灰褐(he)色(se)，無(wu)毛(mao)或(huo)嫩時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柔(rou)毛(mao)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)淡(dan)黃色(se)的皮(pi)孔。冬芽大形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樹脂。掌(zhang)狀復葉(xie)(xie)，由 5~7 小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)組成，葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)10~12cm，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灰色(se)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柔(rou)毛(mao) ；小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)紙(zhi)質(zhi)，長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)披(pi)(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)倒披(pi)(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，稀長(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，先端短銳(rui)尖(jian)(jian)，基(ji)部楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)闊楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，邊(bian)緣有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鈍尖(jian)(jian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的細鋸齒，長(chang)(chang) 8~16cm，寬(kuan) 3~5cm，上面深綠色(se)，無(wu)毛(mao)，下(xia)面除中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肋及側脈的基(ji)部嫩時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)疏柔(rou)毛(mao)外，其余(yu)部分(fen)無(wu)毛(mao) ；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肋在上面顯著，在下(xia)面凸起，側脈 13~17 對(dui)，上面微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)顯著，下(xia)面顯著 ；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)的小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang) 1~1.8cm，兩(liang)側的小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang) 5~10mm，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灰色(se)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柔(rou)毛(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序圓(yuan)(yuan)筒形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，連(lian)同長(chang)(chang) 5~10cm 的總花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗在內共(gong)長(chang)(chang) 21~25cm，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序總軸(zhou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柔(rou)毛(mao)，小(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序常由 5~10 朵花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)組成，平斜向伸展，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柔(rou)毛(mao)，長(chang)(chang)2~2.5cm，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang) 2~4mm。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)雜性(xing)，雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與兩(liang)性(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同株(zhu)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼管狀鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)(chang) 3~5mm，外面有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柔(rou)毛(mao)，不(bu)等的 5 裂，裂片鈍形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，邊(bian)緣有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)短纖毛(mao) ；花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣 4，白色(se)，長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)倒卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)倒披(pi)(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)(chang) 8~12mm，寬(kuan) 5~1.5mm，邊(bian)緣有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)纖毛(mao)，基(ji)部爪狀 ；雄(xiong)蕊(rui) 6，長(chang)(chang) 1.8~3cm，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲線狀，無(wu)毛(mao)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，淡(dan)黃色(se)，長(chang)(chang) 1~1.5mm ；子房在雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)發育，在兩(liang)性(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發育良好(hao)，卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)無(wu)毛(mao)。

　　美國紅楓果(guo)實球形或倒卵(luan)圓形，頂部短尖(jian)或鈍圓而(er)中部略(lve)凹下，直徑(jing) 3~4cm，黃褐色，無刺，具很密的斑點，果(guo)殼干(gan)后厚 5~6mm，種子常 1~2 粒發(fa)育，近于球形，直徑(jing) 2~3.5cm，栗褐色 ；種臍白色，約(yue)占種子體積的 1/2。花期 4~5 月(yue)，果(guo)期 10 月(yue)（圖(tu) 9-29、圖(tu) 9-30，見彩圖(tu)）。

　　2. 生長習性

　　美國紅楓喜光，也耐半陰，不耐嚴寒，喜肥沃深厚的土壤。

　　 

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